Comparison of short- and mid-term efficacy and the mechanisms of gastric bypass surgeries on managing obese and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus

Seven nonobese T2DM patients with gastric cancer submitted to Billroth II gastrojejunostomy were compared with nine obese T2DM patients undergoing RYGB about their baseline characteristics, weight loss and glycemic control, 3 months and 2 years after surgery.

Meanwhile, β-cell function, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were also investigated.

Website:  http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Bariatric surgery prior to total knee arthroplasty is associated with fewer postoperative complications

This study used a national database to compare 90 day postoperative complication rates between three groups of patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA):

1.non-obese patients (n = 66,523),morbidly obese patients who did not have bariatric surgery (n = 11,294)morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery prior to TKA (n = 219).

2.Morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery prior to TKA had reduced rates of major (OR 0.45, P = 0.001) and minor (OR 0.61, P = 0.01) complications compared to morbidly obese patients who did not have bariatric surgery.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Preoperative prediction of conversion from laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery: a clinical study of conversion scoring of laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery

·         The clinical data of 602 cases of laparoscopic rectal resection were retrospectively assessed.

·         Risk factors associated with conversion of laparoscopic rectal resection to open rectal surgery were identified by logistic regression analysis.

·         Also, a scoring system was created to calculate a score for the conversion of laparoscopic rectal resection to predict possible conversion for patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection before surgery.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Sarcomas of the spermatic cord and para-testicular tissues: Our experience and review of current literature

FDG-PET, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; FNCLCC, French Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer; Gy, Centigray; HPF, High Power Fields; MARSU, Midlands Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Unit; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytomas; NCI, United States National Cancer Institute; PET, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; RLND, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; TRAM, transverse rectus abdominis muscle

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma

In this randomized, controlled, phase 3 study, we assigned 834 patients with advanced melanoma in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks or four doses of ipilimumab (at 3 mg per kilogram) every 3 weeks. Primary end points were progression-free and overall survival.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Trial of a Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal Artery Disease

In this single-blind, randomized trial conducted at 54 sites, we assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, 476 patients with symptomatic intermittent claudication or ischemic pain while at rest and angiographically significant atherosclerotic lesions to angioplasty with a paclitaxel-coated balloon or to standard angioplasty. The primary efficacy end point was primary patency of the target lesion at 12 months (defined as freedom from binary restenosis or from the need for target-lesion revascularization). The primary safety end point was a composite of freedom from perioperative death from any cause and freedom at 12 months from limb-related death (i.e., death from a medical complication related to a limb), amputation, and reintervention.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism

We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial in Canada. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo limited occult-cancer screening (basic blood testing, chest radiography, and screening for breast, cervical, and prostate cancer) or limited occult-cancer screening in combination with CT. The primary outcome measure was confirmed cancer that was missed by the screening strategy and detected by the end of the 1-year follow-up period.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes

We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin–ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Inherited DOCK2 Deficiency in Patients with Early-Onset Invasive Infections

We performed genetic and cellular immunologic studies involving five unrelated children with early-onset invasive bacterial and viral infections, lymphopenia, and defective T-cell, B-cell, and natural killer (NK)–cell responses. Two patients died early in childhood; after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, the other three had normalization of T-cell function and clinical improvement.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

We performed a multicenter, open-label trial in which we randomly assigned patients without hypercapnia who had acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and a ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less to high-flow oxygen therapy, standard oxygen therapy delivered through a face mask, or noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients intubated at day 28; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality in the intensive care unit and at 90 days and the number of ventilator-free days at day 28

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

A Bronchial Genomic Classifier for the Diagnostic Evaluation of Lung Cancer

Current or former smokers undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer were enrolled at 28 centers in two multicenter prospective studies (AEGIS-1 and AEGIS-2). A gene-expression classifier was measured in epithelial cells collected from the normal-appearing mainstem bronchus to assess the probability of lung cancer.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children

We conducted this trial of two targeted temperature interventions at 38 children's hospitals involving children who remained unconscious after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Within 6 hours after the return of circulation, comatose patients who were older than 2 days and younger than 18 years of age were randomly assigned to therapeutic hypothermia (target temperature, 33.0°C) or therapeutic normothermia (target temperature, 36.8°C). The primary efficacy outcome, survival at 12 months after cardiac arrest with a Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II), score of 70 or higher (on a scale from 20 to 160, with higher scores indicating better function), was evaluated among patients with a VABS-II score of at least 70 before cardiac arrest.

Website: http://www.arjonline.org/medicine-and-health-care/american-research-journal-of-gynecology/